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100 Years Ago: In May 1910, focus was on Halley's Comet

(Written in memory of Effie Sandusky Heskamp 1910-2009. "Born, to the wife of Charley Sandusky, May 17, a daughter." - Adair County News, May 25, 1910.) -JIM

By Jim

One hundred years ago this week, the eyes of Adair County and the world were heavenward cast both in wonderment and dread anticipation as Halley's comet made its closest approach to earth. In September, 1909, the News had stated that "Astronomers tell us that this great flaming star will, when at its full glory next May, cover 100 degrees of celestial territory and will stand out like a great living thing of fire,"and in mid-April, 1910, came the report that "It will be the most superb sight that our generation has seen in the heavens."

But there were also dire predictions.

Some scientists believed that when - if - the earth passed through the tail of the comet on May 18th, "we may be soaked with deluge or rain during our comet bath."

Others stated that dry conditions would precede the comet's approach, but the Ono correspondent in May 4 News deftly batted that one aside, wryly commenting that the "much dreaded drouth (sic) that the astronomer predicted would be until after Halley's comet passed in May, has proven to be very damp and cool."

Another scientist, a Dutchman, prognosticated that the comet's tail "is made up of cathode rays, which, touching our atmosphere, would become X-rays of great intensity."




There was fear of sickness brought by Comet

However, the chief cause of concern among the populace was the possibility the tail of the comet would bring sickness or even wipe out all life: "Some observers fear the deadly cyanogen gas, which if thick, would stifle all breathing things at once. Diluted, such a gas might turn the world sick to its stomach for two or three hours..."

Prof. Barnes lectures in Russell Co., KY

However, in neighboring Russell County, educator Artemus E. Barnes of the Russell Springs Academy dismissed these terrifying predictions as so much hogwash. The News of May 11th reported that "Prof. Barnes gave a lecture on explanation of the comet, Monday morning, to an interested audience, illustrating on the black board its course of travel, etc., and knocked the idea in the head some people have that on the 18th of May it will destroy the earth."

The community newsletters in the weeks from Adair and surrounding counties leading up to May 18th reflected a variety of opinions:

"Mr. Sam Feece paid his regular call last Wednesday, and gathered up all the chickens and eggs he could find. Sam thinks that as Halley's comet is rapidly approaching it is time many people were changing their ways of action; since the comet is so much larger than the earth that in case of a collision which many fear that Terra Firma would be swallowed up or knocked clear out of existence."

"'Have you seen the comet?' is the question of the day." (Russell Springs)

"Most every body seems to be greatly disturbed over Halley's Comet. It is reported to us that there are several digging cellars to go into on May 18." (Waterloo, Pulaski County)

"Several are afraid of Halley's comet." (Dunnville, Casey Co.)

"Much is being said concerning Halley's comet. Many claim they have seen it, while others have not. Some think the end of time is near, others say not. As to the end of time we know it is coming at some time we know not when, neither the son or the angels, but the father knoweth all things. Be ready for in such hour as ye think not the son of man cometh." (Longstreet, Russell County.)

"Talk of the great comet that is to pass over sometime in May is most of the conversation with our people. We must all begin to think there is something greater and more terrible coming some time in the future, and it may be near we cannot tell. And that is the day of Judgment..." (Rugby) (A later newsletter from Rugby noted that "The comet is the leading subject of the day.")

"There is very little said in this neighborhood regarding the approach of the comet." (Ozark)

"Farmers are trying to finish planting corn by the 18th in order to watch the comet pass through." (Sano)

(In the June 1 edition, the Sano correspondent reported that "There were many in this section disappointed May 18. They were expecting to see the elements all a flame, lighted up by Halley's comet, but to their surprise the comet did not come.")

Mr. Sam Lewis reports from some distance

The pending arrival of the comet was not without elements of humor. The April 27th News told its readers, with tongue firmly planted in cheek, that Mr. Sam Lewis was the first person to stop by the News office with claims of having seen the celestial visitor, but that "he could not give an accurate description, as he was some distance from it."

Frank Sinclair's comet ad

And too, Frank Sinclair, who operated a general goods store on the Square, ran this ad in the weeks leading up to the 18th:
"The Comet May Hit The Earth
And you had better go to Frank Sinclair's Store
and buy you a nice Suit of Clothes,
or a nice dress, pair of slippers, straw
hat. Also while there take along
a few pieces of furniture and
a carpet as you may have
Company on the 18th."
Of course, the comet came and went without incident -- and the world breathed a sigh of relief.

Several mentions on May 25th edition

There were several mentions of the comet in the May 25th News, including an opinion piece by J.E. Murrell. At the time, the News was a hardscratch tooth-and-toenail Democratic paper, and Mr. Murrell metaphorically used the comet to gleefully slip a dagger of words twixt the ribs of the Republican party. The opening sentence will suffice here:
"Coincident with the passing of Halley's comet, to remain beyond the reach of vision, in the broad and boundless expanse of the heavens for seventy-five years, the Republican party gives many assurances of its passing from power, and no political astronomer can definitely figure its return."
These two items appeared in the "Locals" column of the same edition:
"A few people were frightened, but it did not hit any body here."

"Some people believe that a war will follow the disappearance of the comet."
The Dirigo correspondent in the June 8, 1910 News got in the best parting shot:
"Well the comet has come, has passed, is gradually disappearing and yet no one has been damaged in the least. Not a single thing that was prophesied concerning it came to pass. It did not make a move that was predicted. Yes, it is true that a number of good people were scared somewhat, but what scared them? I am sure it was not the comet for it has been peaceable as a lamb, so I am inclined to think that the only damage done and the only ground for scare was in the big windy tales told by the newspapers...

"It is true that several wars have been accredited to [comets] but if you will take the time to read the history of the times I am sure that you will conclude that the comets have had no more to do with such things than they did with bringing on the flood, with sending the Israelites into Egypt, the crucifiction of Christ and with the recent rainy weather. So rest in peace. Comets are entirely harmless."
(Written in memory of Effie Sandusky Heskamp 1910-2009. "Born, to the wife of Charley Sandusky, May 17, a daughter." - Adair County News, May 25, 1910.)


This story was posted on 2010-05-16 09:34:36
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