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Co. Agent: Preventing black shank in tobacco By Nick Roy, Adair Co. Extension Agent for Agricultural and Natural Resources When it comes to diseases in burley tobacco, black shank ranks right up there at the top of the list. Losses to black shank are higher each year than all other past problems combined. During the 2008 season, statewide losses to black shank were high, but did not reach the levels of 2007. Part of the reason for that was the widespread use of resistant varieties across Kentucky. We've known for years that managing black shank involves several factors. Good sanitation and adequate land preparation are critical considerations, and crop rotation is a key factor. A good rotational strategy is to grow tobacco for one to two years in a field, followed by two to four years with another crop to prevent build up of the black shank pathogen. Fungicides can provide additional protection against black shank when used with rotation and resistant varieties. So, which variety should you pick for 2009? The answer depends on the quality of the rotation scheme you use, the history of black shank in a particular field and whether or not race 1 of the black shank pathogen is present, like it is across most fields in the state. Growers with no history of black shank can choose from a number of varieties that have good yield potential and leaf characteristics but little or no black shank resistance. These include HB 04P and Hybrid 404. If a field doesn't have a history of black shank, pick a variety like TN 86, TN 90 or KT 200 only if you have been on a good rotation or you know disease has been light - that means less than 5 to 10 percent of the field having showed symptoms in the past. If disease has been more severe, consider KT 204 or KT 206. KT 204 offers high levels of resistance to both races of the black shank pathogen. KT 206 was planted extensively in 2008 and has near-immunity to race 0 and the same high level of resistance to race 1 seen in KT 204. In University of Kentucky field tests and on growers' farms, KT 206 has outperformed other black shank-resistant varieties in terms of disease control and yield potential. An added benefit of KT 206 is moderate resistance to blue mold. New varieties such as Newton's 7371 or Rickard's HB 3307P have performed about as well as KT 204 in UK tests and specialists there say they would be good choices where disease is light to moderate. While many resistant varieties exist to provide control against the blank shank pathogen in tobacco, the best option in most cases is to relocate the crop. When selecting a new site for the tobacco patch, keep some of the following things in mind. First, not all soils are created equal. Learn what type of soil you have on your farm or available farms. For example, some soils such as Pricetown and Nolin soil have the ability to produce well over 3,000lbs of tobacco per acre while many other soils often produce far less. To learn what soils exist on your farm and their yield capabilities, contact the NRCS Soil Conservation District or the Adair County Cooperative Extension Service. Choose soils that are well drained to avoid saturation and future problems with blank shank. Select areas that have good air movement to help suppress target spot and blue mold. Avoid vegetable crop areas that can harbor viruses that can be transmitted to tobacco by insects. Given the cost of fertilizer, one should also try to locate areas where P and K levels are higher, thus reducing the fertilizer bill. Also keep in mind that UK research consistently shows that lower nitrogen rates can be used in first year tobacco following a grass or grass-legume sod. Don't forget to pull soil tests this fall to see whether or not lime should be applied. While lime is cheap, it is still an expense and over applying lime can negatively affect other nutrients. Each year brings new challenges, but we can be certain that black shank will continue to be one of our main production constraints in 2009. Make plans now to pick the burley varieties that will perform best in your fields against black shank and get a leg up on this serious problem. For more information, contact the Adair County Cooperative Extension Service at (270) 384-2317. Adair County Office, 409 Fairgrounds ST. PO Box 309, Columbia, KY. This story was posted on 2008-11-18 03:50:19
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